Various Reactor Types for Biodegradation Process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30732/ijbbb.20160103001Keywords:
bioreactor, biodegradation, phenolic compoundAbstract
In last few decades, biological treatment of toxic pollutants and industrial wastewater has gained tremendous attention in the scientific community as well as in the industrial arena. Consequently, various kinds of reactor configuration for biodegradation process, starting from the more conventional activated sludge system to highly advanced microbial fuel cell (MFC) or hollow fiber membrane bioreactor, have been reported in the literature. Batch or semi-batch reactors are mainly used for laboratory studies, anaerobic digestion and manufacture of pharmaceuticals; while continuous reactors are often employed for aerobic treatment of municipal and industrial wastes [1]. Two extreme mixing regimes are represented by well stirred tank reactor and plug flow reactors. Intermediate degrees of mixing can be achieved by employing well-stirred reactors in series or by designing plug flow reactors with axial dispersion. The overall model of the reactor can be developed by combining the equations for the hydraulic regime and the kinetics of the reactions [1]. As compared to the suspended culture of free microbial cells, the immobilization process affects the bioreactor performance by providing the retention of active biomass on support particles, flexibility of reactor design and the improved thermal and operational stability [2]. A brief account of major types of bioreactors with their successful application in the biodegradation of wastewaters, especially the phenolic pollutants and effluents of petroleum/oil based industries, is presented in the following sections. A more detail and excellent review is reported by Al-Khalid & El-Naas [3].
References
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[8] Jou, C-J.G., Huang, G.-C., (2003). A pilot study for oil refinery wastewater treatment using a fixed-film bioreactor, Advances in Environmental Research 7(2) 463-469.
[9] Shetty, K.V., Kalifathulla, I., Srinikethan, G., (2007). Performance of pulsed plate bioreactor for biodegradation of phenol, Journal of Hazardous Materials 140(1) 346-352.
[10] Stehlickova, L. Svab, M. Wimmerova, L. Kozler, J., (2009) Intensification of phenol biodegradation by humic substances, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 63(7) 923-927.
[11] Ucun, H., Yildiz, E. Nuhoglu, A., (2010) Phenol biodegradation in a batch jet loop bioreactor (JLB): Kinetics study and pH variation, Bioresource technology 101(9) 2965-2971.
[12] Bajaj, M., Gallert, C., Winter, J. (2008). Biodegradation of high phenol containing synthetic wastewater by an aerobic fixed bed reactor, Bioresource Technology 99(17) 8376-8381.
[13] Li, H.-q. Han, H.-j. Du, M.-a. Wang, W. (2011). Removal of phenols, thiocyanate and ammonium from coal gasification wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor, Bioresource technology 102(7) 4667-4673.
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[19] Tziotzios, G., Teliou, M., Kaltsouni, V., Lyberatos, G., Vayenas, D., (2005). Biological phenol removal using suspended growth and packed bed reactors, Biochemical engineering journal 26(1) 65-71.
[20] Kim, K., Logan, B.E., (2001). Microbial reduction of perchlorate in pure and mixed culture packed-bed bioreactors, Water Research 35(13) 3071-3076.
[21] Gerrard, A.M., Páca Júnior, J., Kostecková, A., Páca, J., Stiborová, M., Soccol, C.R., (2006) Simple models for the continuous aerobic biodegradation of phenol in a packed bed reactor, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49(4) 669-676.
[22] Oliveira, S., Moraes, E., Adorno, M., Varesche, M., Foresti, E., Zaiat, M., (2004) Formaldehyde degradation in an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor, Water research 38(7) 1685-1694.
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[24] Chen, S., Sun, D., Chung, J.S. (2007). Anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated aniline wastewater using packed-bed biofilm reactor, Process Biochemistry 42(12) 1666-1670.
[25] de Nardi, I.R., Ribeiro, R., Zaiat, M., Foresti, E., (2005). Anaerobic packed-bed reactor for bioremediation of gasoline-contaminated aquifers, Process Biochemistry 40(2) 587-592.
[26] Vinod, A.V., Reddy, G.V., (2006), Mass transfer correlation for phenol biodegradation in a fluidized bed bioreactor, Journal of hazardous materials 136(3) 727-734.
[27] Lohi, A., Cuenca, M.A., Anania, G., Upreti, S., Wan, L., (2008). Biodegradation of diesel fuel-contaminated wastewater using a three-phase fluidized bed reactor, Journal of hazardous materials 154(1) 105-111.
[28] Gonzalez, G., Herrera, G., GarcıÌ, M.T., Pena, M., (2001). Biodegradation of phenolic industrial wastewater in a fluidized bed bioreactor with immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida, Bioresource technology 80(2) 137-142.
[29] Åžen, S., Demirer, G., (2003). Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor, Water Research 37(8) 1868-1878.
[30] GalÃndez-Mayer, J., Ramón-Gallegos, J., Ruiz-Ordaz, N., Juarez-Ramirez, C., Salmerón-Alcocer, A., Poggi-Varaldo, H., (2008) Phenol and 4-chlorophenol biodegradation by yeast Candida tropicalis in a fluidized bed reactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal 38(2) 147-157.
[31] Kornaros, M., Lyberatos, G., (2006). Biological treatment of wastewaters from a dye manufacturing company using a trickling filter, Journal of Hazardous Materials 136(1) 95-102.
[32] Sa, C., Boaventura, R., (2001). Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida DSM 548 in a trickling bed reactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal 9(3) 211-219.
[33] van den Akker, B., Holmes, M., Cromar, N., Fallowfield, H., (2008). Application of high rate nitrifying trickling filters for potable water treatment, Water research 42(17) 4514-4524.
[34] Melo, J., Kholi, S., Patwardhan, A., D’Souza, S., (2005). Effect of oxygen transfer limitations in phenol biodegradation, Process Biochemistry 40(2) 625-628.
[35] Masters, G.M., Ela, W., 1991. Introduction to environmental engineering and science, Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[36] Tyagi, R., Tran, F., Chowdhury, A., (1993), A pilot study of biodegradation of petroleum refinery wastewater in a polyurethane-attached RBC, Process Biochemistry 28(2) 75-82.
[37] Saravanan, P., Pakshirajan, K., Saha, P., (2009). Treatment of phenolics containing synthetic wastewater in an internal loop airlift bioreactor (ILALR) using indigenous mixed strain of Pseudomonas sp. under continuous mode of operation, Bioresource technology 100(18) 4111-4116.
[38] Kanai, T., Uzumaki, T., Kawase, Y., (1996), Simulation of airlift bioreactors: steady-state performance of continuous culture processes, Computers & chemical engineering 20(9) 1089-1099.
[39] Loh, K.-C., Liu, J., (2001). External loop inversed fluidized bed airlift bioreactor (EIFBAB) for treating high strength phenolic wastewater, Chemical Engineering Science 56(21) 6171-6176.
[40] Feng, W., Wen, J., Liu, C., Yuan, Q., Jia, X., Sun, Y., (2007), Modeling of local dynamic behavior of phenol degradation in an internal loop airlift bioreactor by yeast Candida tropicalis, Biotechnology and bioengineering 97(2) 251-264.
[41] Quan, X., Shi, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Qian, Y., (2004), Biodegradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol and phenol in an airlift inner-loop bioreactor immobilized with Achromobacter sp, Separation and Purification Technology 34(1) 97-103.
[42] Vinod, A.V., Reddy, G.V., (2005), Simulation of biodegradation process of phenolic wastewater at higher concentrations in a fluidized-bed bioreactor, Biochemical engineering journal 24(1) 1-10.
[43] Li, Y., Loh, K.C., (2007). Continuous phenol biodegradation at high concentrations in an immobilizedâ€cell hollow fiber membrane bioreactor, Journal of applied polymer science 105(4) 1732-1739.
[44] Alberti, F., Bienati, B., Bottino, A., Capannelli, G., Comite, A., Ferrari, F., Firpo, R., (2007). Hydrocarbon removal from industrial wastewater by hollow-fibre membrane bioreactors, Desalination 204(1-3) 24-32.
[45] Gander, M., Jefferson, B., Judd, S., (2000). Aerobic MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment: a review with cost considerations, Separation and purification Technology 18(2) 119-130.
[46] Juang, R.-S., Wu, C.-Y., (2007). Microbial degradation of phenol in high-salinity solutions in suspensions and hollow fiber membrane contactors, Chemosphere 66(1) 191-198.
[47] Chung, T.-P., Wu, P.-C., Juang, R.-S., (2005). Use of microporous hollow fibers for improved biodegradation of high-strength phenol solutions, Journal of membrane science 258(1) 55-63.
[48] Du, Z., Li, H., Gu, T., (2007). A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy, Biotechnology advances 25(5) 464-482.
[49] Gil, G.-C., Chang, I.-S., Kim, B.H., Kim, M., Jang, J.-K., Park, H.S., Kim, H.J., (2003) Operational parameters affecting the performannce of a mediator-less microbial fuel cell, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 18(4) 327-334.
[50] Moon, H., Chang, I.S., Kim, B.H., (2006). Continuous electricity production from artificial wastewater using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell, Bioresource Technology 97(4) 621-627.
[51] Choi, Y., Jung, E., Kim, S., Jung, S., (2003). Membrane fluidity sensoring microbial fuel cell, Bioelectrochemistry 59(1) 121-127.
[52] Liu, H., Logan, B.E., (2004). Electricity generation using an air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell in the presence and absence of a proton exchange membrane, Environmental science & technology 38(14) 4040-4046.
[53] Oh, S., Logan, B.E., (2005). Hydrogen and electricity production from a food processing wastewater using fermentation and microbial fuel cell technologies, Water research 39(19) 4673-4682.
[54] Min, B., Kim, J., Oh, S., Regan, J.M., Logan, B.E., (2005). Electricity generation from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cells, Water research 39(20) 4961-4968.
[2] Aksu, Z. Bülbül, G. 1998. Investigation of the combined effects of external mass transfer and biodegradation rates on phenol removal using immobilized P. putida in a packed-bed column reactor, Enzyme and microbial Technology 22(5), 397-403.
[3] Al-Khalid, T. El-Naas, M.H. (2012) Aerobic biodegradation of phenols: a comprehensive review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 42(16) 1631-1690.
[4] Wilderer, P.A. Irvine, R.L. Goronszy, M.C. Sequencing batch reactor technology, IWA publishing2001.
[5] Chang, H.N., Moon, R.K., Park, B.G., Lim, S.-J., Choi, D.W., Lee, W.G., Song, S.L., Ahn, Y.H., (2000) Simulation of sequential batch reactor (SBR) operation for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, Bioprocess Engineering 23(5) 513-521.
[6] Silva, M., Coelho, M., Araújo, O., (2002). Minimization of phenol and ammoniacal nitrogen in refinery wastewater employing biological treatment, Engenharia Térmica, Edição Especial 1 33-37.
[7] Rao, N.C., Mohan, S.V., Muralikrishna, P., Sarma, P., (2005) Treatment of composite chemical wastewater by aerobic GAC-biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBGR), Journal of hazardous materials 124(1) 59-67.
[8] Jou, C-J.G., Huang, G.-C., (2003). A pilot study for oil refinery wastewater treatment using a fixed-film bioreactor, Advances in Environmental Research 7(2) 463-469.
[9] Shetty, K.V., Kalifathulla, I., Srinikethan, G., (2007). Performance of pulsed plate bioreactor for biodegradation of phenol, Journal of Hazardous Materials 140(1) 346-352.
[10] Stehlickova, L. Svab, M. Wimmerova, L. Kozler, J., (2009) Intensification of phenol biodegradation by humic substances, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 63(7) 923-927.
[11] Ucun, H., Yildiz, E. Nuhoglu, A., (2010) Phenol biodegradation in a batch jet loop bioreactor (JLB): Kinetics study and pH variation, Bioresource technology 101(9) 2965-2971.
[12] Bajaj, M., Gallert, C., Winter, J. (2008). Biodegradation of high phenol containing synthetic wastewater by an aerobic fixed bed reactor, Bioresource Technology 99(17) 8376-8381.
[13] Li, H.-q. Han, H.-j. Du, M.-a. Wang, W. (2011). Removal of phenols, thiocyanate and ammonium from coal gasification wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor, Bioresource technology 102(7) 4667-4673.
[14] Livingston, A., Chase, H., (1991). Development of a phenol degrading fluidized bed bioreactor for constant biomass holdup, The Chemical Engineering Journal 45(3) B57-B66.
[15] Quail, B.E., Hill, G.A. (1991). A packedâ€column bioreactor for phenol degradation: Model and experimental verification, Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology 52(4) 545-557.
[16] Karel, S.F., Libicki, S.B. Robertson, C.R. (1985). The immobilization of whole cells: engineering principles, Chemical Engineering Science 40(8) 1321-1354.
[17] Tepe, O., Dursun, A.Y., (2008). Combined effects of external mass transfer and biodegradation rates on removal of phenol by immobilized Ralstonia eutropha in a packed bed reactor, Journal of hazardous materials 151(1) 9-16.
[18] Waul, C., Arvin, E., Schmidt, J.E. (2008). Model description and kinetic parameter analysis of MTBE biodegradation in a packed bed reactor, Water research 42(12) 3122-3134.
[19] Tziotzios, G., Teliou, M., Kaltsouni, V., Lyberatos, G., Vayenas, D., (2005). Biological phenol removal using suspended growth and packed bed reactors, Biochemical engineering journal 26(1) 65-71.
[20] Kim, K., Logan, B.E., (2001). Microbial reduction of perchlorate in pure and mixed culture packed-bed bioreactors, Water Research 35(13) 3071-3076.
[21] Gerrard, A.M., Páca Júnior, J., Kostecková, A., Páca, J., Stiborová, M., Soccol, C.R., (2006) Simple models for the continuous aerobic biodegradation of phenol in a packed bed reactor, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49(4) 669-676.
[22] Oliveira, S., Moraes, E., Adorno, M., Varesche, M., Foresti, E., Zaiat, M., (2004) Formaldehyde degradation in an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor, Water research 38(7) 1685-1694.
[23] Venkataraman, J., Kaul, S., Satyanarayan, S., (1992). Determination of kinetic constants for a two-stage anaerobic upflow packed-bed reactor for dairy wastewater, Bioresource technology 40(3) 253-261.
[24] Chen, S., Sun, D., Chung, J.S. (2007). Anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated aniline wastewater using packed-bed biofilm reactor, Process Biochemistry 42(12) 1666-1670.
[25] de Nardi, I.R., Ribeiro, R., Zaiat, M., Foresti, E., (2005). Anaerobic packed-bed reactor for bioremediation of gasoline-contaminated aquifers, Process Biochemistry 40(2) 587-592.
[26] Vinod, A.V., Reddy, G.V., (2006), Mass transfer correlation for phenol biodegradation in a fluidized bed bioreactor, Journal of hazardous materials 136(3) 727-734.
[27] Lohi, A., Cuenca, M.A., Anania, G., Upreti, S., Wan, L., (2008). Biodegradation of diesel fuel-contaminated wastewater using a three-phase fluidized bed reactor, Journal of hazardous materials 154(1) 105-111.
[28] Gonzalez, G., Herrera, G., GarcıÌ, M.T., Pena, M., (2001). Biodegradation of phenolic industrial wastewater in a fluidized bed bioreactor with immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida, Bioresource technology 80(2) 137-142.
[29] Åžen, S., Demirer, G., (2003). Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor, Water Research 37(8) 1868-1878.
[30] GalÃndez-Mayer, J., Ramón-Gallegos, J., Ruiz-Ordaz, N., Juarez-Ramirez, C., Salmerón-Alcocer, A., Poggi-Varaldo, H., (2008) Phenol and 4-chlorophenol biodegradation by yeast Candida tropicalis in a fluidized bed reactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal 38(2) 147-157.
[31] Kornaros, M., Lyberatos, G., (2006). Biological treatment of wastewaters from a dye manufacturing company using a trickling filter, Journal of Hazardous Materials 136(1) 95-102.
[32] Sa, C., Boaventura, R., (2001). Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida DSM 548 in a trickling bed reactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal 9(3) 211-219.
[33] van den Akker, B., Holmes, M., Cromar, N., Fallowfield, H., (2008). Application of high rate nitrifying trickling filters for potable water treatment, Water research 42(17) 4514-4524.
[34] Melo, J., Kholi, S., Patwardhan, A., D’Souza, S., (2005). Effect of oxygen transfer limitations in phenol biodegradation, Process Biochemistry 40(2) 625-628.
[35] Masters, G.M., Ela, W., 1991. Introduction to environmental engineering and science, Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[36] Tyagi, R., Tran, F., Chowdhury, A., (1993), A pilot study of biodegradation of petroleum refinery wastewater in a polyurethane-attached RBC, Process Biochemistry 28(2) 75-82.
[37] Saravanan, P., Pakshirajan, K., Saha, P., (2009). Treatment of phenolics containing synthetic wastewater in an internal loop airlift bioreactor (ILALR) using indigenous mixed strain of Pseudomonas sp. under continuous mode of operation, Bioresource technology 100(18) 4111-4116.
[38] Kanai, T., Uzumaki, T., Kawase, Y., (1996), Simulation of airlift bioreactors: steady-state performance of continuous culture processes, Computers & chemical engineering 20(9) 1089-1099.
[39] Loh, K.-C., Liu, J., (2001). External loop inversed fluidized bed airlift bioreactor (EIFBAB) for treating high strength phenolic wastewater, Chemical Engineering Science 56(21) 6171-6176.
[40] Feng, W., Wen, J., Liu, C., Yuan, Q., Jia, X., Sun, Y., (2007), Modeling of local dynamic behavior of phenol degradation in an internal loop airlift bioreactor by yeast Candida tropicalis, Biotechnology and bioengineering 97(2) 251-264.
[41] Quan, X., Shi, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Qian, Y., (2004), Biodegradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol and phenol in an airlift inner-loop bioreactor immobilized with Achromobacter sp, Separation and Purification Technology 34(1) 97-103.
[42] Vinod, A.V., Reddy, G.V., (2005), Simulation of biodegradation process of phenolic wastewater at higher concentrations in a fluidized-bed bioreactor, Biochemical engineering journal 24(1) 1-10.
[43] Li, Y., Loh, K.C., (2007). Continuous phenol biodegradation at high concentrations in an immobilizedâ€cell hollow fiber membrane bioreactor, Journal of applied polymer science 105(4) 1732-1739.
[44] Alberti, F., Bienati, B., Bottino, A., Capannelli, G., Comite, A., Ferrari, F., Firpo, R., (2007). Hydrocarbon removal from industrial wastewater by hollow-fibre membrane bioreactors, Desalination 204(1-3) 24-32.
[45] Gander, M., Jefferson, B., Judd, S., (2000). Aerobic MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment: a review with cost considerations, Separation and purification Technology 18(2) 119-130.
[46] Juang, R.-S., Wu, C.-Y., (2007). Microbial degradation of phenol in high-salinity solutions in suspensions and hollow fiber membrane contactors, Chemosphere 66(1) 191-198.
[47] Chung, T.-P., Wu, P.-C., Juang, R.-S., (2005). Use of microporous hollow fibers for improved biodegradation of high-strength phenol solutions, Journal of membrane science 258(1) 55-63.
[48] Du, Z., Li, H., Gu, T., (2007). A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy, Biotechnology advances 25(5) 464-482.
[49] Gil, G.-C., Chang, I.-S., Kim, B.H., Kim, M., Jang, J.-K., Park, H.S., Kim, H.J., (2003) Operational parameters affecting the performannce of a mediator-less microbial fuel cell, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 18(4) 327-334.
[50] Moon, H., Chang, I.S., Kim, B.H., (2006). Continuous electricity production from artificial wastewater using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell, Bioresource Technology 97(4) 621-627.
[51] Choi, Y., Jung, E., Kim, S., Jung, S., (2003). Membrane fluidity sensoring microbial fuel cell, Bioelectrochemistry 59(1) 121-127.
[52] Liu, H., Logan, B.E., (2004). Electricity generation using an air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell in the presence and absence of a proton exchange membrane, Environmental science & technology 38(14) 4040-4046.
[53] Oh, S., Logan, B.E., (2005). Hydrogen and electricity production from a food processing wastewater using fermentation and microbial fuel cell technologies, Water research 39(19) 4673-4682.
[54] Min, B., Kim, J., Oh, S., Regan, J.M., Logan, B.E., (2005). Electricity generation from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cells, Water research 39(20) 4961-4968.
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2016-12-30
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Banerjee, A. (2016). Various Reactor Types for Biodegradation Process. CSVTU International Journal of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Biomedical, 1(3), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.30732/ijbbb.20160103001
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