Extraction of Nano Hydroxyapatite from Goat Bone for Biomedical Application

Abstract

Bone is a natural composite of collagen fiber and nano hydroxyapatite (HAp). Needle shaped nano HAp present in bone are 40-60 nm long and 1.5-2 nm thick and it provides the stiffness to the bone. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesize using synthetic route but the major problem is that, it lacks inorganic minerals and trace elements and also its mechanical properties is very poor. Therefore, hydroxyapatite derived from natural source could be a better option, which has better metabolic activity, and it contains all types of trace elements. The aim of this work is to extract nano hydroxyapatite from eco-friendly, inexpensive sources (i.e. goat bone) using heat treatment method. Thus prepared HAp was characterized using XRD and FTIR technique. XRD analysis shows that, the material is HAp according to the JCPDS pattern 09-0432 and minor shift in peaks observed in XRD pattern. The lattice parameter of the hydroxyapatite crystal is shortened. FTIR spectra confirms hydroxyapatite, by presence of different peaks like OH^-, (PO₄)^3- etc. Further characterization like in-vivo and in-vitro analysis of this material is required. This process is very simple and low in cost, which can be used in commercial bio-medicinal products.