Effectiveness of biosorbent prepared from Trewia nudiflora for the treatment of grey water: reuse potential of treated water for agriculture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30732/ijbbb.20190401001Keywords:
Biosorbent, Trewia, Grey water, COD reduction, Pulse seed, ReuseAbstract
Treatment of high loading grey water using biosorbent prepared from waste material has been proposed. Biosorbent was prepared from fruit peel of Trewia nudiflora. Batch sorption study was conducted using wastewater of varying organic load. It was observed that an optimum dose of 2 g/L of biosorbent resulted in 97% reduction of COD. The equilibrium isotherm data at different temperatures obeyed linear and non-linear isotherms. Various kinetic models were studied to observe the biosorption kinetics. The biosorbent was characterized by infra red, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micrograph technique before and after biosorption. The reuse efficiency of the biosorbent was evaluated by studying the effect of untreated and treated wastewater on germination potential of seeds, i.e. Vigna mungo, Lens culinaris and Coriandrum sativum. To evaluate the toxicity of treated and untreated effluent peroxidase enzyme (POD) activity was studied. It was observed that the germination rate obtained in seeds exposed to biosorbent treated wastewater was significantly higher compared to those exposed to various dilutions of untreated wastewater. An increase in the activity of peroxidase enzyme was observed in seeds germinated in untreated wastewater whereas application of biosorbent treated wastewater resulted in comparatively reduced POD activity as compared to fresh water values.
References
[2] Faisal, M., Hasnain, S., 2004. Microbia conversion of Cr (VI) into Cr (III) in industrial effluent. African J. Biotechnol. 3, 610-617.
[3] Khellaf, N., Zerdaoui, M., 2010. Growth, photosynthesis and respiratory response to copper in Lemna minor: a potential use of duckweed in biomonitoring. Iranian J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 7, 299-306.
[4] Shun-Xing, L., Feng-Ying, Z., Yang, H., Jian-Cong, N., 2011. Thorough removal of
inorganic and organic mercury from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Lemna minor powder. J. Hazard. Mater. 186, 423-429.
[5] Doke, K.M., Khan, E.M., Rapolu, J., Shaikh, A., 2011. Physico-chemical analysis of sugar industry effluent and its effect on seed germination of Vigna angularis, Vigna cylindrical and Sorghum cernum. Ann. Environ. Sci. 5, 7-11.
[6] Devi, R., Singh, V., Kumar, A., 2008. COD and BOD reduction from coffee processing wastewater using Avacado peel carbon. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 1853–1860.
[7] Bhattacharya, P., Ghosh, S., Sarkar, S., Majumdar, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., 2011 Effectiveness of biosorption-assisted microfiltration process for treatment of domestic wastewater. Biorem. J., 15, 206–217.
[8] Ghosh, S., Bhattacharya, P., Majumdar, S., Dasgupta, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., 2010. Comparative study on treatment of kitchen-sink wastewater using single and multichannel ceramic membrane. Int. J. Environmental Technology and Management. 13, 336-347.
[9] Eaton, A.D., Clesceri, L.S., Rice, E.W., Greenberg, A.E., 2005. Standard methods for the estimation of water and wastewater. APHA, Washington.
[10] Bhattacharya, P., Banerjee, P., Mallick, K., Ghosh, S., Majumdar, S., Mukhopadhyay, A., Bandyopadhyay, S., 2013. Potential of biosorbent developed from fruit peel of Trewia nudiflora for removal of hexavalent chromium from synthetic and industrial effluent: analyzing phytotoxicity in germinating Vigna seed. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. A: Toxic/Hazard Subs. and Environ. Eng. 48, 706–719.
[11] Cipollani, D.F., 1998. The induction of soluble peroxidase activity in bean leaves by wind-induced mechanical perturbation. American J. Bot. 85, 1586–1591.
[12] Giannopolitis, C.N., Ries, S.K., 1977. Superoxide Dismutases Occurrence in Higher Plants. Plant Physiol. 59, 309–314.
[13] Beauchamp, C., Fridovich, I., 1971. Superoxide dismutase. Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gel. Anal Biochem. 44, 276–287.
[14] Aebi, H.E., 1983. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods of Enzymatic Analyses. Vol. 3. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, pp. 273–282.
[15] Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J.Biol.Chem. 193, 265-275.
[16] Bates, L.S., Waldran, R.P., Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39, 205-207.
[17] Antizar-Ladislao, B., Galil, N.I., 2004. Biosorption of phenol and chlorophenols by acclimated residential biomass under bioremediation conditions in a sandy aquifer. Water Res. 138, 267-276.
[18] Langmuir, I., 1916. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38, 2221-2295.
[19] Freundlich, H.M.F., 1906. Uber die adsorption in losungen. Zeitschrift fur. Physikalische Chemie. 57, 385-470.
[20] Redlich, O., Peterson, D.L., 1959. A useful adsorption isotherm. J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1024.
[21] Won, S.W., Kim, H.J., Choi, S.H., Chung, B.W., Kim, K.J., Yun, Y.S., 2006. Performance, kinetics and equilibrium in biosorption of anionic dye Reactive Black 5 by the waste biomass of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a low-cost biosorbent. Chem. Eng. J. 121, 37-43.
[22] Ho, Y.S., Mckay, G., 1999. Pseudo second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem. 34, 451-465.
[23] Ho, Y.S., 2003. Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern. Water Res. 37, 2323-2330.
[24] Weber, W.J., Morris, J.C., 1963. Intraparticle diffusion during the sorption of surfactants onto activated carbon. J. Sanit. Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 89, 53–61.
[25] Khani, M.H., 2011. Uranium biosorption by Padina sp. algae biomass: kinetics and thermodynamics. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 18, 1593-1605.
[26] Kazmi, M., Feroze, N., Naveed, S., Javed, S.H., 2011. Biosorption of copper(II) on prunus amygdalus shell: Characterization, biosorbent size analysis, kinetic, equilibrium and mechanistic studies. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 28, 2033-2040.
[27] Dalvi, R.R., Singh, B., Salunkhe, D.K., 1972. Influence of selective pesticides on germination and associated metabolic changes in wheat and mung bean seeds. J. Agr. Food Chem. 20, 1000-1003.
[28] Bazai, Z.A., Achakzai, A.K.K., 2006. Effect of wastewater from Quetta city on the germination and seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J. App. Sci. 6, 380-382.
[29] Passardi, F., Cosio, C., Penel, C., Dunand, C., 2005. Peroxidases have more functions than a swiss army knife. Plant Cell Rep. 24, 255-265.
[30] Gomez, J.M., Jimenez, A., Olmos, E., Sevilla, F., 2004. Location and effects of long-term NaCl stress on superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Puget) chloroplasts. J. Exp. Bot. 55, 119–30.
[31] Fatima, R.A., Ahmad, M., 2005. Certain antioxidant enzymes of Allium cepa as biomarkers for the detection of toxic heavy metals in wastewater. Sci. Total Environ. 346 256–273. 2005.
[32] Dubey, R.S., 1997. Photosynthesis in plants under stressful conditions. In: pesarakliM (ed) Hand book 27. 42, 233-249.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Notice will appear in About the Journal. It should describe for readers and authors whether the copyright holder is the author, journal, or a third party. It should include additional licensing agreements (e.g. CREATIVE COMMONS licenses) that grant rights to readers (see EXAMPLES), and it should provide the means for securing permissions, if necessary, for the use of the journal's content
