Long noncoding RNAs: Novel insights into the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Keywords:
nonprotein-coding transcripts, long non-coding RNAs, oral squamous cell carcinoma, molecular biomarkersAbstract
Recent advances in microarray and high throughput sequence analyses show that 87.3% of the human genome is actively transcribed, despite only 3% coding for proteins. This surprising fact suggests that non-coding RNA dominates the transcriptome. High-resolution microarray and massively parallel sequencing data showed that lncRNAs are nonprotein-coding transcripts. LncRNAs are polyadenylated ncRNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Many lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in many cancers, making them essential to tumour biology. They play a significant role in the development, spread, and treatment of cancer at multiple stages of the disease's pathogenesis. Even though lncRNAs' functions are poorly understood, there is increasing evidence that they play critical roles in living organisms. To the contrary, it is now widely accepted that their dysregulation plays a role in the initiation and progression of a wide range of human cancers., especially in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Consequently, it has the potential to be used as a molecular biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of certain forms of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been identified and characterized, revealing their regulatory significance OSCC. We comprehensively reviewed the role of lncRNAs in OSCC biology, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and diagnostic/therapeutic targets.
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